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Re: Truth or Dare:Would you like to have SLAVES?
Slavery is a form of forced labor in which people are considered to be, or treated as, the property of others.
-Slaves can be held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase or birth, and deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive compensation (such as wages).
...Evidence of slavery predates written records, and has existed to varying extents, forms and periods in almost all cultures and continents.
-In some societies, slavery existed as a legal institution or socio-economic system, but today it is formally outlawed in nearly all countries. ...Nevertheless, the practice continues in various forms around the world.
...Freedom from slavery is an internationally recognized human right. Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that
“ No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. ”
...In his book about the slave trade and the American Revolution, author Charles Rappleye writes that
“ In the West Indies in particular, but also in North and South America, slavery was the engine that drove the mercantile empires of Europe. The institution was as old as time - finding explicit sanction in the Bible, and in the glory days of Greece and Rome - and had flourished, in its modern form, for two hundred years. It appeared, in the eighteenth century, as universal and immutable as human nature. ”
...The English word slave derives - through Old French and Medieval Latin - from the medieval word for Slavic people of Central and Eastern Europe, who were the last ethnic group to be captured and enslaved in Central Europe... -For thousands of years, according to Adam Smith and Auguste Comte, a slave was principally defined as a captive or prisoner of war.
* 1 - History of slavery and the slave trade
...I Once Knew A Slave.Slavery is rare among Hunter gatherer populations, as slavery depends on a system of social stratification. Slavery also requires economic surpluses and a high population density to be viable. Due to these factors, the practice of slavery would have only proliferated after the invention of agriculture during the Neolithic revolution about 11,000 years ago.
- The earliest records of slavery can be traced to the Code of Hammurabi (ca. 1760 BC), and the Bible refers to it as an established institution...
...Slavery was known to occur in civilizations as old as Sumer, as well as almost every other ancient civilization, including Ancient Egypt, the Akkadian Empire, Assyria, Ancient Greece, the Roman Empire and the Islamic Caliphate. -Such institutions were a mixture of debt-slavery, punishment for crime, the enslavement of prisoners of war, child abandonment, and the birth of slave children to slaves...
- Records of slavery in Ancient Greece go as far back as Mycenaean Greece.
-Two-fifths (some authorities say four-fifths) of the population of Classical Athens were slaves...
...Greeks philosophers such as Aristotle accepted the theory of natural slavery, that is, that some men are slaves by nature...
...As the Roman Republic expanded outward, entire populations were enslaved, thus creating an ample supply from all over Europe and the Mediterranean. Greeks, Illyrians, Berbers, Germans, Britons, Thracians, Gauls, Jews, Arabs, and many more were slaves used not only for labour, but also for amusement (e.g. gladiators and sex slaves). This oppression by an elite minority eventually led to slave revolts (see Roman Servile Wars); the Third Servile War led by Spartacus being the most famous and severe. By the late Republican era, slavery had become a vital economic pillar in the wealth of Rome, as well as a very significant part of Roman society...
...It is estimated that over 25% of the population of Ancient Rome was enslaved. According to some scholars, slaves represented 35% or more of Italy's population...
- In the city of Rome alone, under the Roman Empire, there were about 400,000 slaves...
...During the millennium from the emergence of the Roman Empire to its eventual decline, at least 100 million people were captured or sold as slaves throughout the Mediterranean and its hinterlands...
...The early medieval slave trade was mainly confined to the South and East: the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim world were the destinations, pagan Central and Eastern Europe, along with the Caucasus and Tartary, were important sources. Viking, Arab, Greek and Jewish merchants (known as Radhanites) were all involved in the slave trade during the Early Middle Ages...
...Medieval Spain and Portugal were the scene of almost constant warfare between Muslims and Christians. Periodic raiding expeditions were sent from Al-Andalus to ravage the Iberian Christian kingdoms, bringing back booty and slaves. In raid against Lisbon, Portugal in 1189, for example, the Almohad caliph Yaqub al-Mansur took 3,000 female and child captives, while his governor of Córdoba, in a subsequent attack upon Silves, Portugal in 1191, took 3,000 Christian slaves...
- From the 11th to the 19th century, North African Barbary Pirates engaged in Razzias, raids on European coastal towns, to capture Christian slaves to sell at slave markets in places such as Algeria and Morocco...
...Over 10% of England’s population entered in the Domesday Book in 1086 were slaves...
- Slavery in early medieval Europe was so common that the Roman Catholic Church repeatedly prohibited it — or at least the export of Christian slaves to non-Christian lands was prohibited at e.g. the Council of Koblenz in 922, the Council of London (1102), and the Council of Armagh (1171)...
...In the 15th century, the Catholic Church also legitimized enslavement of non-Christians in overseas territories. In 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum Diversas, granting Afonso V of Portugal the right to reduce any "Saracens, pagans and any other unbelievers" to hereditary slavery which legitimized the slave trade, at least as a result of war.[..
- This approval of slavery was reaffirmed and extended in his Romanus Pontifex bull of 1455.
...The Byzantine-Ottoman wars and the Ottoman wars in Europe brought large numbers of Christian slaves into the Islamic world too.
- After the Battle of Lepanto approximately 12,000 Christian galley slaves were freed from the Ottoman Turks... Eastern Europe suffered a series of Tatar invasions, the goal of which was to loot and capture slaves into jasyr. Seventy-five Crimean Tatar raids were recorded into Poland–Lithuania between 1474-1569...
- There were more than 100,000 Russian captives in the Kazan Khanate alone in 1551...
Slavery is a form of forced labor in which people are considered to be, or treated as, the property of others.-Slaves can be held against their will from the time of their capture, purchase or birth, and deprived of the right to leave, to refuse to work, or to receive compensation (such as wages).
...Evidence of slavery predates written records, and has existed to varying extents, forms and periods in almost all cultures and continents.
-In some societies, slavery existed as a legal institution or socio-economic system, but today it is formally outlawed in nearly all countries. ...Nevertheless, the practice continues in various forms around the world.
...Freedom from slavery is an internationally recognized human right. Article 4 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that
“ No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. ”
...In his book about the slave trade and the American Revolution, author Charles Rappleye writes that
“ In the West Indies in particular, but also in North and South America, slavery was the engine that drove the mercantile empires of Europe. The institution was as old as time - finding explicit sanction in the Bible, and in the glory days of Greece and Rome - and had flourished, in its modern form, for two hundred years. It appeared, in the eighteenth century, as universal and immutable as human nature. ”
...The English word slave derives - through Old French and Medieval Latin - from the medieval word for Slavic people of Central and Eastern Europe, who were the last ethnic group to be captured and enslaved in Central Europe... -For thousands of years, according to Adam Smith and Auguste Comte, a slave was principally defined as a captive or prisoner of war.
* 1 - History of slavery and the slave trade
...I Once Knew A Slave.Slavery is rare among Hunter gatherer populations, as slavery depends on a system of social stratification. Slavery also requires economic surpluses and a high population density to be viable. Due to these factors, the practice of slavery would have only proliferated after the invention of agriculture during the Neolithic revolution about 11,000 years ago.
- The earliest records of slavery can be traced to the Code of Hammurabi (ca. 1760 BC), and the Bible refers to it as an established institution...
...Slavery was known to occur in civilizations as old as Sumer, as well as almost every other ancient civilization, including Ancient Egypt, the Akkadian Empire, Assyria, Ancient Greece, the Roman Empire and the Islamic Caliphate. -Such institutions were a mixture of debt-slavery, punishment for crime, the enslavement of prisoners of war, child abandonment, and the birth of slave children to slaves...
- Records of slavery in Ancient Greece go as far back as Mycenaean Greece.
-Two-fifths (some authorities say four-fifths) of the population of Classical Athens were slaves...
...Greeks philosophers such as Aristotle accepted the theory of natural slavery, that is, that some men are slaves by nature...
...As the Roman Republic expanded outward, entire populations were enslaved, thus creating an ample supply from all over Europe and the Mediterranean. Greeks, Illyrians, Berbers, Germans, Britons, Thracians, Gauls, Jews, Arabs, and many more were slaves used not only for labour, but also for amusement (e.g. gladiators and sex slaves). This oppression by an elite minority eventually led to slave revolts (see Roman Servile Wars); the Third Servile War led by Spartacus being the most famous and severe. By the late Republican era, slavery had become a vital economic pillar in the wealth of Rome, as well as a very significant part of Roman society...
...It is estimated that over 25% of the population of Ancient Rome was enslaved. According to some scholars, slaves represented 35% or more of Italy's population...
- In the city of Rome alone, under the Roman Empire, there were about 400,000 slaves...
...During the millennium from the emergence of the Roman Empire to its eventual decline, at least 100 million people were captured or sold as slaves throughout the Mediterranean and its hinterlands...
...The early medieval slave trade was mainly confined to the South and East: the Byzantine Empire and the Muslim world were the destinations, pagan Central and Eastern Europe, along with the Caucasus and Tartary, were important sources. Viking, Arab, Greek and Jewish merchants (known as Radhanites) were all involved in the slave trade during the Early Middle Ages...
...Medieval Spain and Portugal were the scene of almost constant warfare between Muslims and Christians. Periodic raiding expeditions were sent from Al-Andalus to ravage the Iberian Christian kingdoms, bringing back booty and slaves. In raid against Lisbon, Portugal in 1189, for example, the Almohad caliph Yaqub al-Mansur took 3,000 female and child captives, while his governor of Córdoba, in a subsequent attack upon Silves, Portugal in 1191, took 3,000 Christian slaves...
- From the 11th to the 19th century, North African Barbary Pirates engaged in Razzias, raids on European coastal towns, to capture Christian slaves to sell at slave markets in places such as Algeria and Morocco...
...Over 10% of England’s population entered in the Domesday Book in 1086 were slaves...
- Slavery in early medieval Europe was so common that the Roman Catholic Church repeatedly prohibited it — or at least the export of Christian slaves to non-Christian lands was prohibited at e.g. the Council of Koblenz in 922, the Council of London (1102), and the Council of Armagh (1171)...
...In the 15th century, the Catholic Church also legitimized enslavement of non-Christians in overseas territories. In 1452, Pope Nicholas V issued the papal bull Dum Diversas, granting Afonso V of Portugal the right to reduce any "Saracens, pagans and any other unbelievers" to hereditary slavery which legitimized the slave trade, at least as a result of war.[..
- This approval of slavery was reaffirmed and extended in his Romanus Pontifex bull of 1455.
...The Byzantine-Ottoman wars and the Ottoman wars in Europe brought large numbers of Christian slaves into the Islamic world too.
- After the Battle of Lepanto approximately 12,000 Christian galley slaves were freed from the Ottoman Turks... Eastern Europe suffered a series of Tatar invasions, the goal of which was to loot and capture slaves into jasyr. Seventy-five Crimean Tatar raids were recorded into Poland–Lithuania between 1474-1569...
- There were more than 100,000 Russian captives in the Kazan Khanate alone in 1551...
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